Learn about cervical cancer screening, HPV testing, screening recommendations, and resources available in British Columbia.
Cervical cancer screening is an important part of preventive healthcare. Screening helps identify high-risk types of Human Papillomavirus (HPV), the virus responsible for most cervical cancers, before cancer develops. Regular screening can detect changes early, when they are easier to monitor and treat.Most cervical cancers can be prevented through HPV vaccination, regular screening, and appropriate follow-up care.
The cervix is the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. Cervical cancer develops when abnormal cells in the cervix grow and spread.
Almost all cervical cancers are caused by persistent infection with certain high-risk types of Human Papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is a very common virus that most sexually active people will be exposed to at some point in their lives.
In most cases, the body's immune system clears HPV naturally. However, some infections can persist and may lead to changes in cervical cells over time.
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide.
There are many different types of HPV. Most HPV infections do not cause symptoms and resolve on their own. Certain high-risk HPV types can cause changes in cervical cells that may eventually develop into cervical cancer if left untreated.
HPV can be transmitted through intimate skin-to-skin contact, including sexual activity.
The HPV vaccine helps protect against the HPV types responsible for most cervical cancers and is an important part of cervical cancer prevention.
Cervical cancer often develops slowly over many years and may not cause symptoms in its early stages.
Regular screening can:
- Detect high-risk HPV infections
- Identify abnormal cell changes before cancer develop
- Reduce the risk of cervical cancer
- Improve health outcomes through early detection
Screening is one of the most effective tools available for preventing cervical cancer.
In British Columbia, routine cervical cancer screening is generally recommended for individuals who:
- Have a cervix
- Are between the ages of 25 and 69
- Have ever been sexually active
Screening recommendations may vary depending on your age, health history, previous screening results, or specific medical circumstances.
BC now offers HPV self-screening for eligible individuals.
Self-screening allows you to collect your own sample using a simple swab rather than having a provider collect the sample.
Many people find self-screening convenient, private, and comfortable.
If your self-screening result requires follow-up, a healthcare provider will discuss the next steps with you.
Early cervical cancer may not cause any symptoms.
Symptoms that should be discussed with a healthcare provider include:
- Unusual vaginal bleeding
- Bleeding after sexual intercourse
- Bleeding between periods
- Pelvic pain
- Pain during intercourse
- Unusual vaginal discharge
Having these symptoms does not necessarily mean you have cervical cancer, but medical assessment is recommended.